The Scientific Worldview
ความรู้ทางวิทยาศาสตร์ สามารถเปลี่ยนแปลงได้ โดยอาศัยการสังเกต ตั้งปัญหา ตั้งสมมติฐาน แล้วทำ การทดลองหาคำตอบในเรื่องปรากฏการณ์ธรรมชาติ อาจจะรูปในแบบโมเดล
(ไม่จำเป็นต้องทดลองเองทั้งหมด เอาแต่เพียงเข้าใจก็เพียงพอ)
Scientists differ greatly in what phenomena they study and how they go about their work
( เน้นการอธิบายปรากฏการณ์ธรรมชาติว่าเกิดขึ้นอย่างไรและเราจะศึกษาได้อย่างไร)
Scientific investigations usually involve the collection of relevant data, the use of logical reasoning, and the application of imagination in devising hypotheses and explanations to make sense of the collected data.
If more than one variable changes at the same time in an experiment, the outcome of the experiment may not be clearly attributable to any one variable. It may not always be possible to prevent outside variables from influencing an investigation (or even to identify all of the variables).
Collaboration among investigators can often lead to research designs that are able to deal with situations where it is not possible to control all of the variables
What people expect to observe often affects what they actually do observe. Strong beliefs about what should happen in particular circumstances can prevent them from detecting other results.
Scientists know about the danger of prior expectations to objectivity and take steps t
Scientific Inquiry try en
Scientific inquiry is more complex than popular conceptions would have it. It is, for instance, a more subtle and demanding process than the naive idea of "making a great many careful observations and then organizing them." It is far more flexible than the rigid sequence of steps commonly depicted in textbooks as "the scientific method." It is much more than just "doing experiments," and it is not confined to laboratories. More imagination and inventiveness are involved in scientific inquiry than many people realize, yet sooner or later strict logic and empirical evidence must have their day. Individual investigators working alone sometimes make great discoveries, but the steady advancement of science depends on the enterprise as a whole. And so onesigning investig
ations and examining data. One safeguard is to have different investigators conduct independent studies of the same questions
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